THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MODERN HUMAN IN THE QUR'AN (ANALYSIS OF MUSLIM AND WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES)
Keywords:
Nature,, Humans, Plato, Iqbal, IslamAbstract
In the Qur'an, human beings can be understood through three dimensions: Basyar (as biological beings), Al-Insan (as vicegerents or bearers of trust), and Al-Nas (as social beings). Individuals possess special attributes such as reason, wisdom, disposition, and desires, which differentiate them from other creatures such as animals. However, interpretations of the position of humans in Islam, especially in the context of thought, are subject to debate among Western scholars. Some views consider the status of humans as "servants of God" to be insignificant in the presence of the Almighty; this can lead to the loss of human identity and becoming merely tools in divine destiny. The conflict of these views is not entirely in line with the perspective of human nature according to the Qur'an. In addition to describing the essence of humans in the Qur'an, this qualitative-descriptive research aims to explore the similarities and differences between the views of Western philosophers, represented by Plato (428-348), and Muslim philosophers, represented by Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938), on the nature of humans. Both philosophers emphasize intelligence, reason, faith, ethics, and other aspects that mark the uniqueness of humans. The approach used in this research is comparative study. The results show that Muhammad Iqbal's view of the nature of humans emphasizes a spiritual entity equipped with intelligence, faith, and morality. On the other hand, Plato views the nature of humans as consisting of three elements: spirit, reason (mind), and pleasure (desire).
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