Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education

Abstrak

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being introduced into education, yet its integration into Islamic Religious Education, known in Indonesia as Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI), requires particular attention to moral, ethical, and spiritual goals. This study analyzes the forms, opportunities, and challenges of AI integration in PAI and proposes an implementation model consistent with Islamic values. It uses a qualitative library-research design with a descriptive-analytical approach, reviewing academic documents and synthesizing them through content analysis and thematic synthesis. The findings identify five principal applications: personalized learning, Islamic education chatbots, automated learning assessment, interactive learning media, and learning analytics. These applications can support adaptive learning, widen access to learning resources, increase student engagement, and facilitate timely feedback. At the same time, their use raises concerns about inaccurate or biased religious information, excessive technological dependency, the difficulty of evaluating affective and spiritual development, unequal access to technology, and teachers’ limited digital competence. The study therefore proposes an integrative-holistic model in which AI serves as a supporting tool, while teachers remain central as moral role models and reflective facilitators. The model is grounded in maqasid al-shariah and complemented by digital ethics education and human–AI collaboration. The study concludes that AI should strengthen, rather than replace, teachers’ educational role, and that PAI curricula should balance technological innovation with character formation and spiritual development. Future empirical research should test the proposed model in classroom settings.