Integration of Islam, Modern Science, and Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Critique of Multi-, Inter-, and Transdisciplinary Approaches

Abstrak

The integration of Islam, modern science, and artificial intelligence (AI) is often trapped in normative generalization and methodological simplification. The fundamental problem lies in the unclear ontological boundaries, epistemological assumptions, and validity of truth when revelation, reason, empirical testing, and computational knowledge interact. This article aims to offer a philosophical critique of the use of multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches in formulating modern Islamic scientific integration. Using a literature study approach and content analysis, this manuscript evaluates the three approaches through four philosophical dimensions: ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology. The findings show that: (1) The multidisciplinary approach is beneficial for broadening perspectives but is prone to perpetuating methodological isolation; (2) The interdisciplinary approach enables conceptual convergence but risks committing a category error if the hierarchy of scientific authority is obscured; (3) The transdisciplinary approach is able to connect knowledge with the context of real public welfare, but requires ethical verification so as not to fall into pragmatism. Furthermore, AI is positioned in a measured way as an epistemic instrument and methodological partner not as a source of normative authority, a moral entity, or a substitute for human reasoning. This philosophical framework positions revelation as the source of transcendental and normative orientation, reason as the means of rational interpretation, empirical evidence as the tester of reality, and AI as the processor of computational data. The entire structure of this integration is bound together by the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, justice, and the formation of civilized human beings.