Islam and Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Epistemology, and Social Transformation

Abstrak

 

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has reshaped how humans produce knowledge, make decisions, and organize social life, raising fundamental questions for religious traditions, including Islam. Existing studies, however, tend to address the ethical, epistemological, and social aspects of AI separately. This article examines the relationship between Islam and AI through three dimensions: ethics, epistemology, and social transformation. Using a qualitative approach based on library research and conceptual analysis, the study draws on the Qur'an, the Sunnah, classical Islamic scholarship, and contemporary literature on AI ethics, analyzed through qualitative content analysis and maqāṣid-based normative reasoning. Ethically, the article argues that the principles of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, ʿadl (justice), amānah (trust), and maṣlaḥah (public good) offer a normative framework for assessing the development and use of AI, particularly regarding accountability, privacy, and algorithmic bias. Epistemologically, it discusses how AI challenges the Islamic understanding of knowledge (ʿilm), revelation, reason, and human agency, emphasizing that AI should be positioned as a tool rather than a source of truth. Socially, the study explores the impact of AI on education, daʿwah, the economy, and religious authority in Muslim societies. The article concludes that Islam does not reject technological progress but calls for its integration within a value-based framework that places human dignity and moral responsibility at the center.