Islam and Global Technology Ethic: Moral Challenges for Muslims in the Era Artificial Intelligence

Abstrak

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has generated complex ethical challenges that require normative frameworks capable of guiding technological development responsibly. Within this context, Islamic ethics provides a rich moral foundation grounded in values such as amanah (trustworthiness and responsibility), ʿadl (justice), and maslahah (public benefit). These principles offer alternative ethical pathways to predominantly Western frameworks and emphasize human accountability before God. This study aims to explore how Islamic ethical values can be applied to contemporary AI governance and to identify the moral foundations that Muslims can use to navigate emerging technological dilemmas. Using a qualitative literature review method, the research synthesizes publications from the past five years, including journal articles, policy documents, and scholarly analyses on Islamic ethics and AI. The findings show that Islamic ethical concepts, particularly maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, provide a coherent theoretical structure for assessing the benefits and harms of AI systems. These values can inform global AI governance, especially regarding fairness, transparency, privacy, and protection of human dignity. However, the study also reveals a gap between ethical principles and practical implementation, indicating limited adoption of Islamic ethical guidelines within policy and technological industries. The study concludes that Islamic ethics has strong potential as a normative reference for AI governance, yet further empirical work is needed to translate these values into operational frameworks. Collaboration between scholars, engineers, policymakers, and ethicists is essential to ensure that AI development remains morally grounded and socially beneficial.