Government Policy in Realizing the SDGs in Indonesia: A Comparative Study of the Joko Widodo and SBY Eras

Abstrak

This study comparatively analyzes  the policies and strategies of the Government of Indonesia in realizing the sustainable development agenda, comparing the Era of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY, focus on MDGs/Transition) and the Era of Joko Widodo (Jokowi, focus on SDGs). This qualitative research uses comparative case studies and in-depth interviews, and is supported by a review of RPJMN documents and Presidential Regulations (Perpres). The results show a significant shift. The SBY era is characterized by  an MDGs-based approach with a strong focus on the social dimension (poverty and health) through instruments such as PKH, supported by the RPJMN framework  and the MDGs institutions. However, the environmental and partnership agenda is still limited, overshadowed by massive economic growth policies such as MP3EI. On the contrary, the Jokowi Era shows a higher institutional commitment to the SDGs. The key instrument is Presidential Decree 59/2017 which requires the localization of SDGs (RAD) and the development of innovative funding (Green Sukuk) for the integration of the three pillars of development. The main conclusion is that the Jokowi Administration has succeeded in creating holistic and binding governance, transforming development from a narrow social focus to an integrated sustainable framework, although implementation challenges at the regions remain.