Learning Strategies Based on Multicultural Values in Islamic Religious Education

Abstrak

Indonesia as one of the most multicultural countries in the world, faces significant challenges in fostering the values of tolerance, justice, and unity amid its ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity. Islamic Religious Education plays a vital role in shaping students’ character so that they can live harmoniously within a pluralistic society. However, current teaching practices remain largely conventional and have not yet fully internalized multicultural values. This study employs a qualitative literature review method, analyzing various sources such as books and academic journals related to learning strategies based on multicultural values in Islamic education. The findings indicate that the application of these strategies can be implemented through five main approaches: expository, inquiry-based, cooperative, contextual, and problem-based learning. The expository strategy emphasizes the delivery of Islamic teachings in relation to social realities; the inquiry strategy encourages critical thinking toward differences; the cooperative strategy nurtures collaboration and empathy; the contextual strategy connects Islamic teachings with real-life experiences; and the problem-based strategy trains students to address diversity issues reflectively. Therefore, learning strategies based on multicultural values need to be applied systematically so that Islamic Religious Education is not merely normative but also contributes to developing tolerant, just, and inclusive character in alignment with Islamic principles and the values of Pancasila.