EFFECTIVE LEARNING MODELS FOR IMPROVING HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

Abstract

High order thinking skills (HOTS) is an educational reform concept based on Bloom's taxonomy that began in the early 21st century. The achievement of higher order thinking skills or HOTS for students starting from the elementary school level is very important because Indonesia's education rankings are still low. It was recorded that in 2015 Indonesia was ranked 64th out of 72 countries that participated in PISA, and ranked 45th out of 48 countries that participated in TIMSS. The role of the teacher in designing learning that can improve high order thinking skills (HOTS) in students is also very necessary. Models of Discovery/Inquiry Learning, Problem-based Learning, and Project-based Learning are learning models that can be used to improve higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in students. This study aims to examine the literature on effective learning models in improving high order thinking skills (HOTS) in elementary school students. This research uses the library method. The library method is a method that uses library sources, articles, journals, books, and so on as a reference source in this study. From several studies, it is stated that the Discovery/Inquiry Learning, Problem-based Learning, and Project-based Learning models are effective in increasing HOTS in elementary school students.